📅 Today in HistoryApril 19

The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all of the conspirators are arrested.

Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persians at Raqqa (northern Syria).

The Lisbon Massacre begins, in which about two thousand Jews who had been forcibly converted to Christianity are slaughtered by Portuguese Catholics.

Beginning of the Protestant Reformation: After the Second Diet of Speyer bans Lutheranism, a group of rulers (German: Fürst) and independent cities protest the reinstatement of the Edict of Worms.

The Treaty of Frankfurt between Protestants and the Holy Roman Emperor is signed.

In Ireland, O'Doherty's Rebellion is launched by the Burning of Derry.

The French army captures the town of Cambrai held by Spanish troops.

With no living male heirs, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, issues the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 to ensure that Habsburg lands and the Austrian throne would be inheritable by a female; his daughter and successor, Maria Theresa, was not born until 1717.

Captain James Cook, still holding the rank of lieutenant, sights the eastern coast of what is now Australia.

Marie Antoinette marries Louis XVI in a proxy wedding.