📅 Today in HistoryOctober 31

Romulus Augustulus is proclaimed Western Roman Emperor.

During the Siege of Mecca, the Kaaba catches fire and is burned down.

Empress Irene is deposed and banished to Lesbos. Conspirators place Nikephoros, the minister of finance, on the Byzantine throne.

Abbasid caliph al-Muqtadir is killed while fighting against the forces of general Mu'nis al-Muzaffar. Al-Muqtadir's brother al-Qahir is chosen to succeed him.

Protestant Reformation: Martin Luther posts his 95 Theses on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg.

Leiden University Library opens its doors after its founding in 1575.

Emperor Agustín de Iturbide attempts to dissolve the Congress of the Mexican Empire.

Approximately 300 Muscogee die in the steamboat Monmouth disaster on the Trail of Tears in the United States.

The New Zealand Wars resume as British forces in New Zealand led by General Duncan Cameron begin their Invasion of the Waikato.

Nevada is admitted as the 36th U.S. state.