📅 Today in HistoryOctober 30

Emperor Hadrian establishes the city of Antinoöpolis on the Nile in honour of his companion Antinous, creating a new Hellenizing foundation in Roman Egypt.

Arab-Byzantine wars: Antioch surrenders to the Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of the Iron Bridge.

Guangzhou is sacked by Arab and Persian pirates.

Ranulf of Apulia defeats Roger II of Sicily at the Battle of Rignano, securing his position as duke until his death two years later.

The Eighth Crusade ends by an agreement between Charles I of Anjou (replacing his deceased brother King Louis IX of France) and the Hafsid dynasty of Tunis, Tunisia.

Reconquista: Portuguese and Castilian forces halt a Muslim invasion at the Battle of Río Salado.

Anglo-Spanish War: Spanish forces fail to retake Jamaica at the Battle of Ocho Rios.

War of the Fourth Coalition: Convinced that he is facing a much larger force, Prussian General von Romberg, commanding 5,300 men, surrenders the city of Stettin to 800 French soldiers.

Simón Bolívar becomes President of the Third Republic of Venezuela.

Nat Turner is arrested for leading the bloodiest slave rebellion in United States history.