📅 Today in HistoryApril 13

Henry V, King of Germany, is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.

Saladin routs his Muslim opponents, the Zengids, in the battle of the Horns of Hama, consolidating his control over Syria except for Aleppo.

Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire.

Thirteen Years' War: the beginning of the Battle for Kneiphof.

Samurai Miyamoto Musashi defeats Sasaki Kojirō in a duel at Funajima island.

Samuel Argall, having captured Pocahontas in Passapatanzy, Virginia, sets off with her to Jamestown with the intention of exchanging her for English prisoners held by her father.

The Sikh religion is formalised as the Khalsa - the brotherhood of Warrior-Saints - by Guru Gobind Singh in northern India, in accordance with the Nanakshahi calendar.

George Frideric Handel's oratorio Messiah makes its world premiere in Dublin, Ireland.

American Revolutionary War: American forces are ambushed and defeated in the Battle of Bound Brook, New Jersey.

The Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 gives Roman Catholics in the United Kingdom the right to vote and to sit in Parliament.