📅 Today in HistoryJuly 28

Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina.

Ottoman-Timurid Wars: Battle of Ankara: Timur, ruler of Timurid Empire, defeats forces of the Ottoman Empire sultan Bayezid I.

Henry VIII of England marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard.

La Laguna encomienda, known today as the Laguna province in the Philippines, is founded by the Spaniards as one of the oldest encomiendas (provinces) in the country.

Eighty Years' War: The Spanish capture the strategic Dutch fortress of Schenkenschans.

Second Northern War: Battle of Warsaw begins.

Constitution of the province of Cantabria ratified at the Assembly Hall in Bárcena la Puente, Reocín, Spain.

French Revolution: Maximilien Robespierre and Louis Antoine de Saint-Just are executed by guillotine in Paris, France.

Mahmud II became Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Caliph of Islam.

Peninsular War: Sir Arthur Wellesley's British, Portuguese and Spanish army repulse a French force led by Joseph Bonaparte in the Battle of Talavera.