📅 Today in HistorySeptember 7

Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII.

Cardinal Rolando Bandinelli is elected Pope Alexander III, prompting the election of Cardinal Octaviano Monticelli as Antipope Victor IV the same day.

Third Crusade: Battle of Arsuf: Richard I of England defeats Saladin at Arsuf.

Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II lands in Acre, Israel, and starts the Sixth Crusade, which results in a peaceful restoration of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

Guillaume de Nogaret takes Pope Boniface VIII prisoner on behalf of Philip IV of France.

Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, is arrested for his role in the Ridolfi plot to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I of England and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots.

The town of Kokkola (Swedish: Karleby) is founded by King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden.

The Treaty of Southampton makes an alliance between England and the Dutch Republic against Spain.

Around 15,000 Han farmers and militia rebel against Dutch rule on Taiwan.

Henry Every perpetrates one of the most profitable pirate raids in history with the capture of the Grand Mughal ship Ganj-i-Sawai. In response, Emperor Aurangzeb threatens to end all English trading in India.