📅 Today in HistoryJanuary 16

Hatshepsut dies at the age of 50 and is buried in the Valley of the Kings.

Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire.

General Siyaj K'ak' conquers Tikal, enlarging the domain of King Spearthrower Owl of Teotihuacán.

Gothic War: The Ostrogoths, under King Totila, conquer Rome after a long siege, by bribing the Isaurian garrison.

Emir Abd-ar-Rahman III establishes the Caliphate of Córdoba.

Crusades: The Council of Nablus is held, establishing the earliest surviving written laws of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem.

Edward I permits his mother Eleanor of Provence to expel the Jews from the towns Worcester, Marlborough, Cambridge and Gloucester.

Saint Marcellus's flood kills at least 25,000 people on the shores of the North Sea.

Bigod's Rebellion, an armed insurrection attempting to resist the English Reformation, begins.

Grand Duke Ivan IV of Muscovy becomes the first Tsar of Russia, replacing the 264-year-old Grand Duchy of Moscow with the Tsardom of Russia.